The very thought of the Caribbean summons up visions of fiery barbecue and
festive beach parties, of seductive cocktails and tropical desserts. The region
is home to some of the world's most explosively flavorful cooking -- dishes
ranging from Jamaica's jerk pork to Trinidad's curries, from Puerto Rico's crusty
aranitos (plantain fritters) to Guadeloupe's velvety vegetable soups, from the
refreshing conch salads of the Bahamas to Cuba's creamy rice puddings.
The Caribbean is a patchwork of islands, cuisines, and cultures. From the Carib
Indians to the European colonists and their unfortunate slaves, each successive
wave of immigrants has added its own unique flavors to the Caribbean cook pot.
The region's first settlers were the Arawaks, peace-loving fishermen-farmers
who cultivated corn and tropical tubers such as cassava root, boniatos, and
malangas. As seasonings, they often used annatto seed (a rust-colored spice
with an earthy flavor) and a fiery local chile pepper now known as the Scotch
bonnet.
The arrival of the Spanish in 1492 brought European ingredients and cooking
technologies to the Caribbean. Livestock, rice, sugarcane, oil for frying, and
stills for making rum are all part of the Spanish legacy. The Spanish influence
lives on in the empanadas (meat pies) and asopaos (paellalike rice stews) that
remain popular in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Cuba.
Spain, of course, wasn't the only player in the Caribbean. The English fondness
for meat pies and fruitcakes survives in Jamaica's limbo pies (curried-beef
turnovers) and Barbados's black cake, a rum-soaked fruitcake darkened with molasses
and brown sugar. French influence can be seen in French West Indian court-bouillon
(a piquant fish soup) and christophene farcie (a cheesy gratin made with local
chayote squash). You'll even find Indonesian dishes in the Caribbean, such as
Javanese sates and peanut sauce found in the Dutch-settled islands of Curacao
and Aruba.
Some of the most important contributions to Caribbean cuisine, though, came
from its most reluctant citizens. African slaves brought yams, okra, a nutty-flavored
bean called the pigeon pea, and many other strong culinary influences. Indentured
workers from India introduced items such as curry, chutney, and roti bread to
the islands -- especially to Trinidad, where the cuisine still shows a marked
Indian influence.
Here, then, is a Caribbean sampler that's bursting with flavor, not fat. It's
the next best thing to boarding a plane and flying to the islands for dinner.